This book is an attempt to acquaint the readers about various aspects of germplasm study and evaluation in lower groups. The major portion of the book is devoted to topics on fungal and lichens diversity, their classification, identification, conservation and evaluation Besides, there are papers covering the pathological aspects including characterization of novel genes for resistance of wheat to stripe rust pathogen, physical and biological management of nematodes and study of mycorrhizosphere. The book contains an opening article on the status of algal germplasm in wetlands of Punjab. The varied topics contributed by eminent scientists are of immense utility for teachers and students engaged in researches on biodiversity evaluation and conservation at Post-Graduate level in the Indian and Foreign Universities.