This book covers the parallel development of nuclear weapons and associated non proliferation efforts from the beginning of research into atomic fission, through the building of nuclear weapons in the United States and eventually eight other countries (one of which has now dismantled its arsenal). It also reviews current debates surrounding nuclear terrorism, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, and efforts to achieve the total elimination of nuclear weapons while describing the rationale presented by supporters for the continued presence of more than 10,000 deployed strategic warheads. In addition, the book serves as a comprehensive reference on a host of issues related to international non proliferation treaties and regimes, as well as citizen-based efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.