CONTENTS:-
I. TRENDS IN TRADE OF ESSENTIAL OILS :
1. Introduction
2. Indian Scenario
3. Uses of Essential Oils
II. DEMAND FOR ESSENTIAL OIL :
1. Fragrance
2. Flavour
III. DAMASK ROSE (ROSA DAMASCENA MILL)CULTIVATION & PROCESSING :
1. Introduction
2. Origin, Distribution, Area & Production
3. Rose Products
4. Rose Water
5. Rose Oil
6. Rose Concrete & Absolute
7. Rose Attar
8. Gulroghan
9. Pankhuri
10. Dried Rose Buds
11. Uses
12. Characteristics of Rosa Damascena Mill
13. Climate
14. Site & Soil
15. Propagation
16. Field Layout
17. Transplanting
18. Time of Transplanting
19. Irrigation & Drainage
20. Interculture Operations
21. Manures & Fertilizers
22. Inter - Cropping
23. Pruning
24. Flowering
25. Plucking
26. Handling of Fresh Flowers
27. Yield
IV. ROSE OIL DISTILLATION METHODS :
1. Traditional Methods
2. Technical Drawbacks
3. NBRI Process & Design
4. Special Features
5. Drawbacks
6. Improved Production Technology of CIMAP, Lucknow
7. Process Developed by CSIR
Complex, Palampur
8. Structural Requirement for Pilot Scale Distillation of Rose Oil
9. Distillation Process (Flow Sheet Diagram)
V. CHEMISTRY OF ROSE OIL :
1. Chemicals Constituents of Rose Oil
VI. CULTIVATION OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA :
1. Introduction
2. Uses
3. Soil & Climatic Requirements
4. Cultivation
5. Botanical Characters
6. Propagation
7. Crop Growth
8. Irrigation
9. Manures & Fertilizers
10. Weed Control
11. Harvesting
12. Fresh Flower & Oil Yield
13. Seed Collection & Storage
14. Drying Fresh Flowers
15. Distillation
16. Effect of Growth Regulators
17. Diseases & Pests
18. Chemical Composition
19. Chamomilla Waste
20. Analytical Methods
VII. CULTIVATION OF DAVANA FOR ESSENTIAL OIL :
1. Introduction
2. Botany
3. Floral Biology
4. Climate
5. Soil
6. Nursery Raising
7. Transplanting
8. Manures & Fertilizers
9. Irrigation
10. Interculture
11. Growth Regulator Application
12. Plant Protection
13. Diseases
14. Harvesting
15. Distillation
16. Yield & Oil Content
17. Chemical Constituents
18. Physico - Chemical Characteristics of Davana
VIII. CULTIVATION & IMPROVEMENT OF SWEET MARJORAM :
1. Introduction
2. Floristics & Crop Improvement
3. Floristics
4. Studies on Floral Biology
5. Crop Improvement
6. Crop Production & Management
7. Propagation
8. Studies on Nutrient & Spacing
9. Use of Growth Regulators
10. Crop Rotation/Sequencing & Intercrops
11. Irrigation & Interculture
12. Insect Pests & Diseases
13. Harvesting Production of Essential Oil & Yield
14. Chemistry of Oil
15. Influence of Harvesting Stage on the Odour Values of Essential Oil
16. Production of Essential Oil
17. Yield
IX. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL :
1. Physico - Chemical Properties of Oil
2. Utilization
X. ESSENTIAL OILS :
1. Oleoresin
2. Gingerol in Ginger Oleoresin
3. Protein
4. Crude Fibre
5. Commercial Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin
6. Process Description for Oleoresins
7. Oleoresin Quality
8. Spice Solvent input & Utilization, Extraction Yield, Gingerol & Essential Oil Contents of Ginger Oleoresin under Counter - current, Sequential, Soxlet & Cold Solvent Percolation
9. Flavour Quality of Ginger Oleoresin
10. Essential Oils of Ginger
11. Profile of Flavour in Ginger Cultivars
12. Essential Composition in Nine Cultivars of Ginger
XI. ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS PROFILE IN TREE SPICES :
1. Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans L.)
2. Steroid Degradation Compound Associated with Sex Expression in Numeg Fragrans
3. Extraction & Estimation
4. IR& MS of Extracted Steroids
5. Solvent Extractable Fat
6. Lipid Separation
7. Flow Sheet for the Extraction of Nutmeg Butter Oleoresins
8. TLC of Lipids
9. TLC of Fatty Acids
10. Gas Liquid Chromatography of Fatty Acids
11. Aroma Quality of Nutmeg Oil & Solvent Extractable Fat
12. Oil of Nutmeg & Oil Mace
13. Clove
14. Cinnamon
15. Anthocyanin Pigments of Young Flushes of Cinnamon
16. Quality Parameters of Cinnamon
17. Physico Chemical Properties Chemical Composition of Ceylon Cinnamon Leaf & Bark Oil
XII. MEDICINAL USES OF INDIGENOUS AROMATIC PLANTS :
1. Introduction
2. The Study
3. Methods of Study
4. Folk Medicinal Uses
5. Discussion
XIII. ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS STATUS :
1. The Alpine - Zone
2. The Temperate Zone
3. The Sub - Tropical or Sub - Temperate Valleys
4. The Utilization of Wild Growing Aromatic Herbs
5. The Utilization of Locally Cultivated Aromatic Herbs
6. Laser or Takker (LN)
7. Introduction of Essential Oil Bearing Crops
8. Aromatic Herbs
9. Expressed Essential Oils
10. Conclusion
XIV. PROMISING AROMATIC PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE :
1. Cinnamomum Species
2. A Few other Woody Plants
3. Cymbopogon Species
XV. ESSENTIAL OIL INDUSTRY WASTE UTILISATION :
1. Cymbopogon Marc
2. Mentha Marc
3. Physical Characteristics of Mentha Marc
4. Utilization of Woody Stems of Eucalyptus Citriodora
XVI. FRACTIONATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN PERFUMERY & TURPENTINE INDUSTRY :
1. Introduction
2. Rotary Columns
3. Plate & Packed Columns
4. Batch Versus Continuous Columns
5. Fractionation of Perfumery Oils
6. Factors Affecting the Performance of Packed Columns
7. Recommendations for Perfumery Oils
8. Recommendations for Turpentine Oil
XVII. TAGETES MINUTA (WILD MARIGOLD) :
1. Introduction
2. Crop Management
3. Harvesting & Distillation
4. Quality Evaluation
5. Constituents of Tagetes Minuta Oil from whole Plant Flowers & the Leaves
6. Uses of Tagetes Oil
7. Research Needs
XVIII. ESSENTIAL OIL OF HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS POIT :
1. Introduction
2. Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Essential Oil of H. Suavfolens
3. Phytotoxic Behaviour of the Oil
4. Chemical Constituents of the Oil
5. Composition of the Essential Oil of H. Suavfolens
6. Conclusions
XIX. SUPER - CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SCFE) TECNOLOGY - FOR SPICE EXTRACTION :
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Scope of this Presentation
4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction System (SCFE)
5. Working Principle & SCFE Process Description
6. Carbon Dioxide as SC Solvent - Its Plus Points
7. Advantages of the SCFE Process
8. Parameters to be Determined in SCFE Process Design
9. SCF Extraction of Spice Essential Oils, Oleoresins & Major Chemical Constituents Presents Therein
10. SCFE of Pepper Oil
11. SCF CO2 Extraction versus Conventional Solvent Extraction
12. Analysis of Pepper, Nutmeg & Chillies - Co - Extraction
13. Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Pepper Oil
14. Physico - Chemical Characteristics of Pepper Oleoresin
15. Physico - Chemical Characteristics of Ginger Oleoresin
16. CO2 Extraction of the Active Principle (Piperine) from Pepper
17. The Comparative Yield & Extraction Times for 11 Spices Extracted by Liquid Carbon Dioxide & Prepared by Steam Distillation
18. SCFE of Black Pepper Oleoresin
19. SCFE of Ginger Oil
20. SCFE (CO2) of Piperine Pepper
21. Economics of the SCFE Process
22. Commercial - Scale SCFE Plants in U.K., Austria, Germany, Australia & France
23. Factors Affecting Plant Designing
24. Other Commercial SCFE Activity Areas
25. Future Scope for SCFE Process
XX. CITRONELLA OIL - PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE :
1. Planting & Cultivation
2. Harvesting
3. Distillation
4. Distillation Process Erection & Distillation of Suitable Type of Still
5. The Election & Operation of Suitable Type of Still
6. Water & Steam Still
7. Fuel
8. Steam Stills
9. Condenser
10. Storage of Citronella Oil
11. Determination of Aldehyde & Ketones
12. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
13. Neutral Sulphite Method
14. Plant Economics of Citronella Oil
15. Land & Building
16. Plant & Machinery
17. Fixed Capital
18. Raw Materials
19. Total Capital Investment
20. Turnover
21. Rate of Return
22. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXI. CLOVE OIL :
1. Process of Manufacture
2. Plant Economics of Clove Oil
3. Land & Building
4. Plant & Machinery
5. Fixed Capital
6. Raw Materials
7. Total Capital Investment
8. Turnover
9. Rate of Return
10. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXII. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE) METHOD FROM FLOWERS, HERBS & SPICES :
1. Manufacturing Process for Extraction of Essential Oils from Flowers, Herbs, Spices by Super Critical Fluid (Carbon Dioxide)
2. Extraction of Essential Oil from Flowers
3. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
4. Essential Oils from Herbs
(Spikenard/Cinnamon/Zeodary)
5. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
6. Essential Oils from Spices
(Coriender, Cumin, Aniseed, Ajowan, Ginger etc.)
7. Process Flow Sheet Diagram for Extraction of Essential Oils from Spices Using Super Critical Fluid Method
8. Plant Economics of Extraction of Essential Oils by Super Critical Fluid (Carbon Dioxide) Method from Flowers, Herbs & Spices
9. Land & Building
10. Plant & Machinery
11. Fixed Capital
12. Raw Materials
13. Total Capital Investment
14. Turnover
15. Rate of Return
16. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXIII. EUCALYPTUS OIL :
1. Process of Manufacture
2. Distillation
3. Distillation Processes
4. Operation
5. Refining
6. Yield
7. Location Conditions
8. Raw Materials
9. Market
10. Water Position
11. Transportation Facilities
12. Labour
13. Power & Fuel
14. Process Flow Sheet
15. Plant Economics of Eucalyptus Oil
16. Land & Building
17. Plant & Machinery
18. Fixed Capital
19. Raw Materials
20. Total) Capita) Investment
21. Turnover
22. Rate of Return
23. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXIV. Ginger OIL :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Practice of Distillation
3. Flow Diagram of Ginger Oil
4. Plant Economics of Ginger Oil
5. Land & Building
6. Plant & Machinery
7 Fixed Capital
8. Raw Materials
9 Total Capital Investment
10. Turnover
11. Rate of Return
12. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXV. JASMINE, ROSE & LILY OIL ETRACTION PLANT :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Super Critical Fluid Extraction Method
3. Extraction with Solvent
4. Schematic Diagram of an extraction system
5. Process Flow Sheet
6. Manufacturing Process
7. Method of Distillation
8. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
9. Plant Economics of Jasmine & Lily Flower Oil
10. Land & Building
11. Plant & Machinery
12. Fixed Capital
13. Raw Materials
14. Total Capital Investment
15. Turnover
16. Rate of Return
17. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXVI. JASMINE FLOWER OIL :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Plant Economics of Jasmine Flower Oil
3. Land & Building
4. Plant & Machinery
5. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
6. Fixed Capital
7. Raw Materials
8. Total Capital Investment
9. Turnover
10. Rate of Return
11. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXVII. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF JASMINE FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
1. Extraction of Jasmine Concrete & Its Economic Prospects
XXVIII. LEMON GRASS OIL :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
3. Raw Material Position
4. Manufacturers of Lemon Grass Oil
5. Plant Economics of Lemon Grass Oil
6. Land & Building
7. Plant & Machinery
8. Fixed Capital
9. Raw Materials
10. Total Capital Investment
11. Turnover
12. Rate of Return
13. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXIX. MENTHA OIL & CRYSTALS :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Steam Distillation
3. Process Flow Sheet
4. Menthol Bold Crystals - Manufacturing Process
5. Flow Sheet Diagram
6. Plant Economics of Menthol Crystals
7. Land & Building
8. Plant & Machinery
9. Fixed Capital
10. Raw Materials
11. Total Capital Investment
12. Turnover
13. Rate of Return
14. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXX. PAN MASALA (GUTKHA) :
1. Manufacturing Process with Formulations
2. General Formula for Pan Masala
3. Saada (Plain) Pan Masala
4. Meetha (Sweet) Pan Masala
5. Perfume for Pan Masala (Sweet)
6. Pan Masala (Zarda)
7. Process (Plain & Sweet Pan Masala)
8. Pouch Filling
9. Process Flow Sheet Diagram
10. Plant Economics of Pan Masala
11. Land & Building
12. Plant & Machinery
13. Fixed Capital
14. Raw Materials
15. Total Capital Investment
16. Turnover
17. Rate of Return
18. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXXI. PALM OIL CRUSHING UNIT :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Technology & Process Description
3. Process Flow Sheet for Palm Oil
4. Plant Economics of Palm Oil Crushing
5. Land & Building
6. Plant & Machinery
7. Fixed Capital
8. Raw Materials
9. Total Capital Investment
10. Turnover
11. Rate of Return
12. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXXII. ROSE PLANTATION & ROSE OIL EXTRACTION :
1. Manufacturing Process
2. Method of Distillation
3. Process Flow Sheet
4. Plant Economics of Rose Plantation &
5. Rose Oil Extraction
6. Land & Building
7. Plant & Machinery
8. Fixed Capital
9. Raw Materials
10. Total Capital Investment
Turnover
11. Rate of Return
12. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXXIII. SPICE OILS OR OLEORESINS :
1. Extraction of Essential Oil (Cardamom, Jeera, Ajowan, Ginger Oil & Other Spices
2. Manufacturing Process
3. Process of Manufacture
4. Process Flow Diagram
5. Preparation of Sesqui Terpeneless Sweet Orange Oil
6. Process Flow Chart
7. Preparation of Raw Materials
8. Plant Economics of Essential Oils from Spices
9. Land & Building
10. Plant & Machinery
11. Fixed Capital
12. Raw Materials
13. Total Capital Investment
14. Turnover
15. Rate of Return
16. Break Even Point (BEP)
XXXIV. INTERNATIONAL IMPORTERS & EXPORTERS.
XXXV. PLANT & EQUIPMENTS SUPPLIERS.
XXXVI. MANUFACTURERS & EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS & AROMATIC CHEMICALS.
