The family Valerianaceae is known for its important medicinal species, particularly Indian Spikenard (Jatamansi) and Indian Valerian (Muskbala). There has been considerable confusion and mix-up in these common names and their botanical identity. Hence, it gives me great pleasure to write these few paragraphs for this book, which, for the first time brings at one place the history of these taxonomic problems, their solution, as also suggestions for balanced exploitation and conservation of biodiversity in Valerianaceae of India. This consolidated and profusely illustrated account of Valerianaceae should result in collection of genuine raw drugs, and in multiplication of correct species. It should also help in some concerted efforts to conserve the biodiversity and germplasm of plants of this important family in India.