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Vegetable Gums and Resins

Howes, F.N.

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	Book ID : 25767
	ISBN-10 : 81-7233-272-6 / 8172332726
	ISBN-13 : 978-81-7233-272-3 / 9788172332723
	Place of Publication : Jodhpur
	Year of Publication : 2001
	Edition : (Reprint)
	Language : English
	xxii, 190p., 38 Figs., 1 Map, Bib., Ind., 23 cm.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS:-

Part A. GUMS:
Chap. I: THE Nature AND USES OF GUMS:
1. The Occurrence and Origin of Gum in Plants
2. The Different Kinds of Gum:
i. Soluble Gums
ii. Insoluble Gums

3. Physical Properties
i. Colour and Form
ii. Taste and Smell
iii. Hardness and Density
iv. Polarization
v. Solubility
vi. Viscosity and Tenacity
vii. Colloidal Nature

4. Chemical Properties:
i. Gum Arabic
ii. Gum Tragacanth
iii. Other Commercial Gums

5. The Commercial Valuation of Gums:
6. Industrial and other Uses

Chap. II: GUM Arabic AND OTHER ACACIA GUMS:
1. The Sudan:
i. The History and Present Importance of the Gum Trade
ii. Distribution and Descriptions of Gum Yielding Species
iii. Collection and Tapping
iv. Marketing, Bleaching and Grading
v. Cultivation

2. French West Africa:
i. Past and Present Extent of the Senegal Gum Trade
ii. Main Gum Yielding Regions

iii. Classes of Gum:
a. Gomme du bas du fleuve
b. Gomme du hautdu fleuve
c. Gomme friable, Salabreda, or Sadrabeida

3. Nigeria:
i. Limited Extent of Export Trade
ii. Gum Producing Areas
iii. Collection
iv. Tapping Experiments
v. Kinds of Gum

4. East Africa:
i. The Tanganyika Export Trade
ii. Species Yielding Gum
iii. Collection and Marketing

5. Other Countries Producing Acacia Gums:
i. North Africa-Excluding the Nile Region
ii. Southern Africa
iii. India
iv. Australia

Chap. III: GUM TRAGACANTH AND SIMILAR GUMS:
1. Gum Tragacanth:
i. Botanical and Geographical Sources
ii. Collection
iii. Grading and Marketing

2. Karaya Gum
3. Carob Seed Gum
4. Kutira Gum
5. Other Gums of the Tragacanth Type

Chap. IV: SOME WELL KNOWN OR MUCH USED Asiatic GUMS:
1. Aegle Marmelos
2. Albizzia Lebbek
3. Albizzia Odoratissima
4. Albizzia Procera
5. Albizzia Stipulate
6. Aleurites Moluccana
7. Anogeissus Latifolia
8. Bauhinia Spp.
9. Buchanania Lanzan
10. Cedrela Toona
11. Chloroxylon Swietenia
12. Delonix Regia
13. Elaeodendron Roxburghii
14. Feronia Acidissima
15. Lannea Grandis
16. Mangifera Indica
17. Melia Indica
18. Prosopis Spicigera
19. Sesbania Grandiflora
20. Spondias Spp.
21. Terminalia Spp.

Chap. V: GUMS OF THE NEW World:
1. South America
2. Central America
3. North America

Chap. VI: Miscellaneous AND Little KNOWN GUMS:
1. Adansonia
2. Adenanthera
3. Afzelia
4. Albizzia
5. Anogeissus
6. Atalaya
7. Balsamocitrus
8. Bauhinia
9. Berlinia
10. Bombax
11. Borassus
12. Bosistoa
13. Brachystegia
14. Burkea
15. Capparis
16. Careya
17. Cassia
18. Cedrela
19. Ceiba
20. Ceratopetalum
21. Chickrassia
22. Citrus
23. Cocos
24. Cola
25. Combretum
26. Cordia
27. Cordyla
28. Corypha
29. Crataeva
30. Cussonia
31. Cycas
32. Dichrostachys
33. Echinocarpus
34. Elaeocarpus
35. Encephalartos
36. Entada
37. Erythrophloeum
38. Flindersia
39. Garuga
40. Geijera
41. Geodorum
42. Hakea
43. Khaya
44. Lagerstroemia
45. Lannea
46. Macrozamia
47. Melia
48. Melicope
49. Moringa
50. Owenia
51. Panax (Tieghemopanax)
52. Penaea
53. Pentaceras
54. Prunus
55. Pseudocedrela
56. Saccopetalum
57. Sarcostemma
58. Schefflera
59. Sclerocarya
60. Semecarpus
61. Sloanea
62. Soymida
63. Tamarindus
64. Tarrietia
65. Terminalia
66. Thevetia
67. Virgilia

Part B. RESINS:
Chap. VII: PROPERTIES AND USES OF RESINS:
1. The Origin of Resin in the Plant
2. The Main Resin Producing Families
3. The Physical Properties of Resins
4. Chemical Composition
5. Main Uses: Competition from Synthetic Resins

Chap. VIII: THE COPALS:
1. Congo Copal
2. West African Copals
3. East African Copal
4. South American Copals
5. East Indian and Manila Copal

Chap. IX: ROSIN OR COLOPHONY:
1. The Industry in the United States
2. The Industry in France

3. Rosin Production in other European Countries:
i. Spain and Portugal
ii. Greece
iii. Russia
iv. Germany
v. Austria

4. Production in India and the East:
i. India
ii. Dutch East Indies
iii. Philippines

5. Production in Central American Countries

Chap. X: DAMMARS:
1. East Indies
2. Malaya:
i. Damar Penak
ii. Other Malayan Dammars

3. Siam
4. India, Burma and Ceylon

Chap. XI: KAURI RESIN:
1. The History of the Industry in New Zealand
2. The Kauri Pine and its Distribution
3. Collection of the Resin
4. Grading and Marketing
5. Main Uses

Chap. XII: LAC RESIN AND SHELLAC:
1. The Lac Insect
2. Host Plants and Cultivation
3. Collection and Preparation of Lac
4. Production and Uses

5. Lac Producing Areas:
i. India
ii. Burma
iii. Siam
iv. French Indo-China

Chap. XIII: SOME LITTLE USED VARNISH RESINS:
1. Acaroid Resin or "Gum Accroides"
2. Sandarac:
i. African Sandarac
ii. Australian Sandarac

3. Mastic
4. Dragon's Blood

Chap. XIV: ELEMI:
1. Manila Elemi
2. Other Elemis:
i. Yucatan Elemi
ii. Mexico
iii. Brazil
iv. West Indies
v. Africa
vi. Mauritius
vii. East Indies

Chap. XV: Natural LACQUERS:
1. Chinese and Japanese Lacquer
2. Burmese Lacquer
3. Other Natural Varnishes

Chap. XVI: FRANKINCENSE AND MYRRH:
1. Frankincense
2. Myrrh

Chap. XVII: Medicinal AND OTHER RESINS:
1. Abies
2. Ailanthus
3. Aloe
4. Anacardium
5. Anisoptera
6. Araucaria
7. Artocarpus
8. Bursera
9. Cistus
10. Convolvulus
11. Copaifera
12. Dipterocarpus
13. Dorema
14. Elaeagia
15. Euphorbia
16. Ferula
17. Garcinia
18. Gardenia
19. Guaiacum
20. Ipomoea
21. Laretia
22. Larix
23. Liquidambar
24. Myroxylon
25. Picea
26. Pinus
27. Piper
28. Podophyllum
29. Schinus
30. Sindora
31. Spermolepis
32. Styrax
33. Thapsia

DESCRIPTION

The number of Species that yield gums or resins in greater or less amount throughout the Vegetable Kingdom are of commercial importance, or which for some reason or other are of special interest. Particular attention has been given to those that have only become of commercial importance in comparatively recent years, and which are not dealt with in older works of reference.

Gums - The vegetable gums are Plant products and widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom. They dissolve in Water Farming viscid solutions, or by absorbing water, form gelatinous pastes and on exposure to the Air these pastes lose their water and dry to hard, clear, rather glassy masses. Among peoples all over the world, including the aboriginals of Australia and primitive African and Asiatic tribes, certain gums have been used for food as far back as History relates. The adhesive properties of gums have also been utilized from early times, particularly in preparing paints and pigments. Resins - The substances, which commonly termed resins are insoluble in water but usually dissolves readily in alcohol, either, Carbon disulphide and certain other Slovenes. With Heat they first soften and then melt to a more or less clear, sticky fluid. They burn with a smoky flame and are resistant to most reagents and to decay. Although resins are so widely distributed in the plant kingdom they arc usually produced in small quantities only, and economic importance is attached to only comparatively few of them. With regard to modern uses of vegetable resins the paint, varnish, linoleum, Paper sizing and soap making trades use considerable quantities. The relative amounts of the different kinds of resins used for Industrial purposes in the past have varied considerably as perusal of the Book will show.

In the light of recent developments there are strong indications that the use of Natural resins will increase, rather than diminish. Recently Research has developed new types of resin which arc combinations of Synthetic and of natural resins, the best examples being the so-called "copal type synthetics". These resins are proving very promising.

Owing to the fact that the true Gums as a group have entirely different properties and uses from the Resins and interest different Classes of users, it has been considered desirable to treat the two groups separately. The book has, therefore, been divided into two parts: Gums and Resins. As the average readers are not likely to be interested in the authority for the name but they are interested only in the plant itself or its products, the authorities have been omitted purposely from the text, they are available to them in the index of botanical names at the end of the book.

The book has been published for the use of Gums and Resins on the commercial basis in the various industries, but research workers can use it for their reference works.

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