This work is my Ph. D. thesis. I have done a critical study of the Buddhacarita which is the most famous work amoungest work of Asvaghosa the Buddhist poet and philospher. A part from the litracy point of view, it has also importance of various other point of view. This work has histirical importance and it also gives a discription about the life and activities of Gautama Buddha along with the Buddhist phiolosophy. Besides, we may also know the socio-political and cultural history of the time. Therefore, I have made ceitical and comprative lines and I hope, this book will be useful for students and researchers.