This readable text provides the essentials of biotechnology at a level that is neither two high (for novice students) nor too for (for advances students). This has been done for the first time and substantially distinguishes the present textbook from those issued previously on the subject. The concepts included in this text acquaint students with modern concepts of biotechnology, a general of which is needed for their future work. In attempting this text, the author has been guided by an innate desire to bring home the various modern concepts of biotechnology in as lucid and logical a manner as possible. A precise knowledge of one's own biological and chemistry background is indispensable for comprehending the concepts included in this text.