The first centuries of the Roman Empire witnessed the establishment and development of a profitable commerce between two great regions of the earth: the Mediterranean countries and India. This was the era of new discoveries and enterprises in firm rule of Rome, and the Near East into one well-governed whole. The account of the growth of this important commerce and of the establishment of trade routes during this formative era, novel developments for both Indians and Romans, is unfolded in this authoritative work which has long been out of print but which now appears in a second edition newly revised and enlarged by the author in the light of recent knowledge and discoveries.